Differential Association Theory Essay - 1739 Words

Over recent years, school bullying has become an important issue and underlying factor for more serious circumstances like school shootings, suicides, and countless student dropouts. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, 160,000 kids per day do not attend school for fear of being bullied (A, 2013). With such a high number afraid to attend school, it’s not hard to see how this behavior drastically affects their quality of education and overall school experiences. Bullying can also produce physical responses such as headaches, stomach pains, anxiety, and possible depression, which in turn can affect the student’s self-esteem and sense of belonging. An issue causing such extreme emotional and physical pain is often addressed by schools†¦show more content†¦The American SPCC (American Society for the Positive Care of Children) provides relative risk factors for students more prone to bullying including, those perceived different from their peers, such as bei ng overweight or underweight, wearing glasses or different clothing, being new to a school, or being unable to afford what kids consider â€Å"cool†, those seen as weak or unable to defend themselves, with low self-esteem, and less popular with few friends. SPCC also provides the other end of the spectrum on characteristics of those who bully others including, those prone to aggression, with less parental involvement and supervision, have friends or peers who bully others, and view violence as positive and powerful (A, 2013.) The criteria for those who are the target of bullying and those who perpetrate the bullying are considerably opposite. Small and shy students are most often picked on by larger more popular students whose behavior is encouraged and reinforced by peers. Given these norms, DAT will help better describe the connection between behavior and the act of bullying. Sutherland proposed a list of principles for DAT that are discussed in Nancy Herman’s book â€Å"Deviance: A Symbolic Interactionist Approach† and provide an explanation of why individuals engage in criminal behavior (Herman). First, criminal behavior is notShow MoreRelatedDifferential Association Theory Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will discuss three theories, the differential association theory, the labelling theory and the rationale choice theory. The theories will discussed and how they can explain crime will also be discussed, and then a comparison of the theories will be given in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses in explaining youth crime. Theories within criminology try to explain why and how crime occurs. This is done through examining various facts that are related to the individual s criminalRead MoreDifferential Association Theory Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe Differential Association Theory, established by Edwin Sutherland in 1947, explicit the deviance of an individuals behavior and how it is learned through interaction with others or associations. There are several components that play a role in this theory that determines the main causes of delinquency. One of the components of this theory is, a person do not inherently become a criminal, it is a learned behavior. A person cannot decide one day he wants to commit a crime if he is not influenceRead MoreThe Tattoo By Chris Mckinney Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing exposed to poverty, colonialism, violence, urban gangs, and drugs. In this essay, I will argue that one can learn criminal and violent behaviour by those who they hold close interpersonal relationships with, for example, family and friends. In saying that, I will be using the social learning theory looking in particular at Edwin Sutherland and his notion of differential association and Akers concept of differential reinforcement to explore the relationship between Ken Hideyoshi and Ko a Puana.Read MoreBad Monkey And The Social Phenomenon Of Crime783 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Science theories in criminology builds frameworks of empirical evidence which are used to study and interpret the social phenomenon of crime (Callinicos, 1999). Of the many theories developed over the course of the study of the science of criminology, Robert Agnew’s General Strain and Edwin H. Sutherland’s Differential Association theories stood out the most while I indulged in Carl Hiaasen novel Bad Monkey. In this essay I will be using Carl Hiaasen novel Bad Monkey to draw out examples ofRead MoreIp3 Crime Causation1535 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Abstract This essay will focus on sociological theories of crime and their description, the strengths and weaknesses of each; sociological control theory, strain theory, differential association theory and neutralization theory. This essay will also focus on Rajartnam who was convicted for inside trading in 2011. Introduction A different approach to criminological theory was taken in the 1960’s although; it was a derivative of older theories. The labeling theory wanted to know questionsRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime And Deviance1248 Words   |  5 Pagesbroad and wide topic, this essay will stay microscopic and study the comprehension of Edwin Sutherlands â€Å"Differential Association theory† and Gresham Sykes and David Matza’s â€Å"Techniques of Neutralization†. Various sources and scholarly written articles alongside Barry Cartwright’s text-reader â€Å"Sociological Approach to Crime and Deviance† will be used to support the key responses to specified questions on the main topic. Edwin Sutherland’s â€Å"Differential Association theory† is a historical landmarkRead MoreRobert Merton s Strain Theory1299 Words   |  6 PagesI have selected Robert Merton’s Strain theory and Edwin Sutherlands Differential Association theory and their approach to the study of crime for my essay. Robert Merton developed the theory that people engage in deviant behaviour when they can’t achieve socially approved goals by legitimate means. Deviance is a result of the strain an individual feels when they cannot achieve legitimately. Merton uses â€Å"The American Dream† to illustrate strain theory. Merton’s explanation is in two pieces; StructuralRead MoreThe Major Theories Of Criminal Behavior And The Impact Of Crime On Victims And Society1580 Words   |  7 PagesEvaluating the Major Theories of Cause of Criminal Behaviour and the Impact of Crime on Victims and Society London Foundation campus 1. Introduction Akers Sellers (2013) noted that there are various common theories that are pertinent to the study of crime as the extents of crime explanations range from the genetic/biological through to the economic and social perspective. Howitt (2012) divided these theories into four categories: macro-level or societal theories; locality or communityRead MoreAmerican History X Is An American Crime Movie Directed By Tony Kaye And Produced By John Morrissey1579 Words   |  7 PagesVineyard, Edward Furlong as Danny Vineyard, Stacy Each as Cameron Alexander, and Avery Brooks as Dr. Bob Sweeney. This essay will focus on the deviant behavior committed by some of the people in this movie. Further, it will discuss different theories as to why they committed the crimes. The three aspects that will be discussed are Differential Association Theory, Reaction Formation Theory, and which one serves as a better explanation. The main plot of the movie is focused on Derek Vineyard and hisRead MoreEssay about Sociological Analysis of Sexual Assault1554 Words   |  7 PagesSociological Analysis of Sexual Assault This essay will examine the social and cultural conditions, within the macro-diachronic and micro-synchronic theoretical models , that intensify or perpetuate sexual assault. I have chosen only one concept from each model because these are the only concepts that I feel that I can use to most accurately and comprehensively depict causes and reasons for why sexual assault is deeply entrenched in our social structure. I will thus explore, from these ideological

Online Child Safety Precautions Essay - 858 Words

Online Child Safety Precautions In a society that relies so heavily on technology and the Internet to make life easier, the issue of online safety is often overlooked. Such a small and simple thing as protecting the children of our community from harmful Internet content seems unimportant, but given the fact that the kids in todays society are as computer literate as most adults; there needs to be a re-evaluation of priority. Given the way that technology has become so universal in our culture today, it is hard to believe we ever survived without it. And with the advancements that are made each day, it is hard to believe that we ever survived without it. Almost every family in the United States has a computer, and access to the†¦show more content†¦District Court for the Eastern Division preliminarily enjoined enforcement of the Childrens Online Protection Act, which attempts to disseminate material that is deemed harmful to minors on the Internet. (www.coppa.org.) The next question that needs to be asked is what determines whether or not a website is targeted toward children? The COPPA applies to those websites that are directed to children, so there are a number of factors that can help decide if the website is indeed targeted towards children. A couple of those factors are its subject matter and its language. The Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act applies only to children under the age of thirteen, which raises the question about protecting the online privacy of teens. As a general consensus young children may not understand the safety and privacy issues involved in the online collection of personal information, and are therefore especially vulnerable. However, the Federal Trade Commission recognizes the fact that there are risks involved in any disclosure of personal information, regardless of age. This is why the FTC has asked that Congress pass legislation to ensure that all consumers involved with the Internet implement fair informa tion principles. (www.coppa.org.) There are many programs on the market that can help parents monitor what their kids are getting into online. One such software is the Net Nanny; a software designed to safeguard children from harmful Internet content. OnShow MoreRelatedSpeech : Parents Are Under Appreciating Online Security For Children1094 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion of Policy Speech Title of Speech: - Parents are Under Appreciating Online Security for Children Attention Reveal Topic Preview. Expressive INTRODUCTION I. Parents want to offer their children the best opportunities possible to become healthy, happy, educated and responsible citizens. This is more important than ever due to the fact that kids are so net savvy, and in many cases, they know more than their parents do about surfing the web. II. The Internet is a wonderful placeRead More Internet Safety and Young Children Essays732 Words   |  3 Pagessometimes upsetting and very scary to know that someone could be stalking your child without you or him ever knowing about it, until it’s to late. There are programs out there that monitor your child’s activities on the Internet. But where are they, how much do they cost and why aren’t they advertised more? There are a couple precautions that you can take at home, without spending any money, to help safe guard your child. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Children like the Internet. They like the convenienceRead MoreSocial Sites: Virtual Playgrounds or Predatory Hunting Grounds956 Words   |  4 Pagesinternet has become a raving craze, but the debate of online safety measures necessary for children using social sites has become a hot topic of discussion. Social sites open the door to online interaction with friends, relatives, and classmates; but they also enhance the risk of interaction with online predators. Representative Michael Fitzpatrick, from Pennsylvania, is a sponsor of the Deleting Online Predators Act. He is an advocate for extreme online restrictions for children who use social-networkingRead MoreEssay The Internet and The Increase of Online Predators1067 Words   |  5 PagesA change has occurred regarding the increase of online predators. The internet has been one of the most important technological advancements this century. The internet has allowed people from all over the world to commun icate with family, friends, and strangers. But it has also caused major concern. With everyone communicating through online forums, social networks, and chat rooms, it is impossible to figure out who the people are talking to. With the internet, people are able to live multipleRead MorePros and Cons of the Internet Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pagesbenefit of having the Internet invented. Why would someone want to damage a great resource? A survey done by R. Kraut demonstrated that 35% use the Internet for entertainment purposes (Kraut). During one’s spare time, one may decide either to play an online game or to join a chat room. The objective person may say that browsing the Internet and performing that kind of activity encourages laziness but I beg to differ. The virtual world can actually be constructive. It stimulates the mind to try aRead MoreBenefits Of Internet Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesfaster by avoiding illiteracy. Not many studies have been done to pro ve how beneficial the internet can be or can be considered detrimental to them, but the use of technology can increase the concerns of online safety. It can cause all types online risks to young children such as cyberbullying and online predators by becoming harmful to them. Sometimes over using the internet as an outlet for everything can become a problem that is overused that usually leads into an addiction. Despite the amountRead MoreWhat And Where Can Be The Most Dangerous Place?1436 Words   |  6 PagesWhat and where can be the most dangerous place to go? The Internet†¦. Without a buffer, a safety net, you as well as many other people can fall into the danger zones. The Internet is such a free resource around the world, that many people have abused it and taken advantage of others; the Internet is a good place for such opportunities. However, when the Internet is used properly, with the right precautions and the right information; the Internet can educate, positively influences, and provides aRead MoreIs Use of the Internet Harmful? Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagesbe harmful? It is more of an asset to the businessperson. Likewise, the average person performs business online too. They more flock towards online banking services, which is more convenient to conduct transactions and view their balance. In addition, online shopping emits a twinkle in their eye like giving an ice cream cone to a child; particularly women. You will find garments online where you could not find in stores. It is convenient to shop right at home and it is possible to purchaseRead MoreUsing Digital Information And Technology Safely, Legally, And Ethically1207 Words   |  5 PagesThere are plenty of websites online that show how to teach children the proper ways to use the internet and how to be safe, one just needs to type in internet safety into a search engine and many pop up to peruse. The Children’s Online Protection Rule (COPPA) was put into action in 1998 by the Federal Trade Commission, according to their website. The Federal Trade Administration (FTA) rule states: â€Å"it imposes certain requirements on operator of websites or online services directed to childrenRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn today s society we fail to realize how easy we can access social media sites without any precautions. The accessibility may be different depending on not only the location, but it can very well differentiate through different states. The effects in which social media from the basic functions of social media websites, how sex offenders can access these websites without there being any type of consequences and how other countries can have access to their own social media. Starting with Facebook

Shoe Horn Sonata free essay sample

The distinctively visual connects an image with an idea. To illustrate the effectiveness of the distinctively visual in emphasising the ways that individuals respond to significant aspects of life, two uniquely Australian texts stand alone; the prescribed text The Shoe-Horn Sonata by John Misto written in 1996 and the epic 2008 film Australia by Baz Luhramm. Both texts deal with aspects of war and the importance of truth. Each text, whether it be a dramatised stage play or a film script, has a composer who has the capacity to emotionally transport an audience to a different time and place by bringing the written word to the visual medium through their evocative and highly innovative choice of the distinctively visual. In act one: scene 1 Bridie and Shelia, the two fictional characters, are a visual and dramatic representation of the women who faced the real life experiences of the Australian and British female POW’s captured while trying to flee from Singapore in 1942. An image of a Japanese soldier’s face is displayed to the audience, portraying a warrior, instilling fear into the audience and illustrating the fierceness and terrifying nature of the Japanese soldiers. The photograph is enhanced with the dialogue â€Å"The Japs’d come around and beat us for the fun of it. ‘Useless Mouths’ they used to call us†, this adds to the audiences feelings of horror and disbelief to what the women endured. The use of sound effects and music dictates the atmosphere and mood of particular scenarios and adds emotional subtext to various scenes. It adds historical significance to the drama, with Misto using music from the war era and aids in demonstrating the resilience of the women. With a combination of music and sounds effects along with the use of projected images, the audience is able to visualize the situation and feel the emotions of the characters. This is illustrated when Bridie and Shelia find themselves in the water after their ships were bombed by the Japanese. The sound of splashing waves can be heard, with projected images of Singapore on fire, displaying the brutality and danger of the situation and takes us into the minds and memories of Bridie and Shelia. In juxtaposition to this Sheila sings Jerusalem a patriotic, British song, exhibiting the willpower the women have to ‘bounce back’ from the situation and survive this affliction. The sound effects of crickets can be heard whilst Shelia begins to reveal her secret to Bridie. As the scene persists, the noise of the cricket’s increase with intensity, this is until Sheila discloses the truth about her selling herself to the Japanese soldier’s in order obtain the Quinine to save Bridie’s life ,at which point the crickets cease. The crickets symbolize the jungle and transport both the audience and women to that place in time; the conclusion of the noise represents Sheila being set free from war time and is now able to live a normal life. The symbolic nature of the shoe horn is seen throughout the play, portraying a sense of survival for not only Bridie and Shelia but the whole prison camp. In the beginning the shoe horn represents the joys of Bridie’s family and home life and enables the audience to get a feel for the happiness it brings, before the horrors of war proceed. As the play progresses the symbolism shifts. When Bridie and Sheila find themselves adrift after their boats had been sunk, Bridie uses the shoe horn to prevent Shelia from drowning. Although a humorous part in the play, it displays their wants and needs for survival. As the women form a choir within the camp, the shoehorn takes on an essential role in the women’s existence. It is used as a metronome, driving the music, lifting the spirits of each woman and emotionally allowing them to rise above the deprivation and horror around them. This notion is enhanced with the dialogue â€Å"together we made this glorious sound that rose above the camp – above the jungle – above the war – rose and rose and took us with it. Fifty voices set us free†. Most predominantly the shoe horn becomes a symbol of the pain and shame Sheila held for 50 years and the sacrifice she was willing to make in order to save a friends life. Once the shoe horn is returned to Bridie, it becomes a symbol of the women’s redemption of friendship and whipes out the pain and suffering they both had felt since the completion of the war. The symbolism throughout the drama portrays to the audience that in various situations the women used what they had in order to survive and carry on with their lives. Misto uses distinctively visual techniques through the drama to portray to the audience the experiences and feelings Bridie and Shelia felt throughout their tribulation. With the use of projected images, sound effects, music and symbolism, Misto displays the horrors of war, resilience and survival tactics of the women and aims at strengthening the knowledge and appreciation of the women who were held captive by the Japanese. Jess Summerville